References

Albert, Michael. 2009. Capitalism Against Capitalism. 1st edition. London: Wiley.
Altermatt, Urs. 1979. “Conservatism in Switzerland: A Study in Antimodernism.” Journal of Contemporary History 14 (4): 581–610. https://doi.org/10.1177/002200947901400402.
Amable, Bruno. 2003. The Diversity of Modern Capitalism. Oxford ; New York: Oxford University Press.
———. 2016. “Institutional Complementarities in the Dynamic Comparative Analysis of Capitalism.” Journal of Institutional Economics 12 (1): 79–103. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1744137415000211.
———. 2017. Structural Crisis and Institutional Change in Modern Capitalism: French Capitalism in Transition. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198787815.001.0001.
———. 2021. “In Search of the Bloc Bourgeois.” Revue de La Régulation. Capitalisme, Institutions, Pouvoirs, no. 31 (August). https://doi.org/10.4000/regulation.20350.
———. 2023. “Diversité Et Domination Des Capitalismes Nationaux.” In Théorie de La Régulation, Un Nouvel État Des Savoirs, 545. Dunod. https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:172056.
Amable, Bruno, and Thibault Darcillon. 2022a. “Brahmin Left Versus Merchant Right. How Useful Is This Distinction for the Analysis of Political Divides in Western Democracies?” Political Economy Working Papers.
———. 2022b. “The Brahmin Left, the Merchant Right and the Bloc Bourgeois.” Review of International Political Economy 29 (4): 1342–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290.2021.1913440.
Amable, Bruno, Elvire Guillaud, and Stefano Palombarini. 2012. L’économie politique du néolibéralisme: Le cas de la France et de l’Italie. Collection du CEPREMAP 26. Paris: Éditions Rue d’Ulm.
Amable, Bruno, and Stefano Palombarini. 2005. L’économie Politique n’est Pas Une Science Morale. Raisons d’Agir. Paris.
———. 2008. “A Neorealist Approach to Institutional Change and the Diversity of Capitalism.” Socio-Economic Review 7 (1): 123–43. https://doi.org/10.1093/ser/mwn018.
———. 2014a. “The Bloc Bourgeois in France and Italy.” In Economic Crises and Policy Regimes. The Dynamics of Policy Innovation and Paradigmatic Change. Edward Elgar.
———. 2014b. “The Bloc Bourgeois in France and Italy.” In Economic Crises and Policy Regimes. The Dynamics of Policy Innovation and Paradigmatic Change, edited by Hideko Magara. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781782549925.00015.
———. 2018. L’illusion Du Bloc Bourgeois: Alliances Sociales Et Avenir Du Modèle Français. Raisons d’Agir. Paris.
———. 2022. Où Va Le Bloc Bourgeois ? Paris: La Dispute.
———. 2023. “Multidimensional Social Conflict and Institutional Change.” New Political Economy, May, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/13563467.2023.2215701.
Arel-Bundock, Vincent. 2024. Marginaleffects: Predictions, Comparisons, Slopes, Marginal Means, and Hypothesis Tests. https://marginaleffects.com/.
Atkinson, Anthony B. 2015. Inequality: What Can Be Done? Harvard University Press.
Boillat, Johann. 2011. “Contrôler La Dissidence : Naissance Et Évolution Du Cartel Horloger Suisse (1931-1941).” In Schweizerische Gesellschaft Für Wirtschafts- Und Sozialgeschichte, 26:261–74. https://doi.org/10.5169/seals-515017.
Bonvin, Jean-Michel, Pierre Gobet, Stéphane Rossini, and Jean-Pierre Tabin. 2015. Manuel de Politique Sociale. 2nd ed. ESSP.
Bornschier, Simon. 2010. Cleavage Politics and the Populist Right: The New Cultural Conflict in Western Europe. Temple University Press. http://gen.lib.rus.ec/book/index.php?md5=ee123095cfe9fb8d6bcd03d6579a0705.
Boschetti, Pietro. 2007. La Conquête Du Pouvoir: Essai Sur La Montée de l’UDC. Carouge-Genève: Éditions Zoé.
Brunner, Matthias, Hanspeter Kriesi, and François Lorétan. 2017. “Enquêtes Standardisées VoxIt.” FORS - Swiss Centre of Expertise in the Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.23662/FORS-DS-688-2.
Brunner, Matthias, and Lea Sgier. 1997. “Crise de Confiance Dans Les Institutions Politiques Suisses? Quelques Résultats d’une Enquête d’opinion.” Swiss Political Science Review 3 (1): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1662-6370.1997.tb00198.x.
Bühlmann, Felix, Thomas David, and André Mach. 2012. “Political and Economic Elites in Switzerland.” European Societies 14 (5): 727–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2012.709531.
Bürgi, Markus. 2020. “Escher, Alfred. Dictionnaire Historique de la Suisse.” 2020. https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/articles/003626/2020-01-20/.
Carera, Mario. 1993. “Les Leçons Des Patrons Agacent Le Parti Radical.” Le Nouveau Quotidien, August. https://www.letempsarchives.ch/page/LNQ_1993_08_30/8/article/9763525/%22david%20de%20pury%22.
Charles, Léo, and Guillaume Vallet. 2024. “Fast and Curious: ‘The Swiss Development Puzzle.’ The Institutional Roots of the Success of Industrialization.” Review of Political Economy 0 (0): 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/09538259.2023.2298747.
Clark, Terry Nichols, and Seymour Martin Lipset. 1991. ARE SOCIAL CLASSES DYING?” International Sociology 6 (4): 397–410. https://doi.org/10.1177/026858091006004002.
“Country Rankings OEC. OEC - the Observatory of Economic Complexity.” n.d. Accessed October 11, 2023. https://oec.world/en/rankings/eci/hs6/hs96.
Crevoisier, Jean-Marc. 1996. “Le Malaise Entre Mondes Politique Et Économique En Toile de Fond Du Congrès Radical.” Journal de Genève Et Gazette de Lausanne, January. https://www.letempsarchives.ch/page/JDG_1996_01_22/6/article/9291348/%22david%20de%20pury%22.
“David de Pury Ne Veut Pas Diriger Une Suisse Qu’il Sent Incapable de Changer.” 1998. Journal de Genève Et Gazette de Lausanne, January. https://www.letempsarchives.ch/page/JDG_1998_01_20/1.
David, Thomas, and André Mach. 2006. “Institutions and Economic Growth: The Successful Experience of Switzerland (1870 - 1950).” Working Paper 2006/101. WIDER Research Paper. https://www.econstor.eu/handle/10419/63462.
David, Thomas, André Mach, and Gerhard Schnyder. 2015. De La "Forteresse Des Alpes" à La Valeur Actionnariale. Histoire de La Gouvernance d’entreprise Suisse (1880-2010). Zürich et Genève: Seismo.
Degen, Bernard. 2022. “Parti socialiste (PS). Dictionnaire Historique de la Suisse.” January 24, 2022. https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/articles/017393/2022-01-24/.
Durrer de la Sota, Carmen, Amory Gethin, and Clara Martinez-Toledano. 2021. “Party System Transformation and the Structure of Political Cleavages in Austria, Belgium, the Netherlands and Switzerland, 1967-2019.” World Inequality Lab – Working Paper, no. 2021. https://wid.world/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/WorldInequalityLab_WP2021_08_PoliticalCleavages_AustriaBelgiumNLSwitzerland.pdf.
Garessus, Emmanuel. 2019. “Gerhard Schwarz: «Une Suisse néolibérale? C’est une «fake news» - Le Temps,” November. https://www.letemps.ch/economie/gerhard-schwarz-une-suisse-neoliberale-cest-une-fake-news.
Gethin, Amory, Clara Martínez-Toledano, and Thomas Piketty. 2022. “Brahmin Left Versus Merchant Right: Changing Political Cleavages in 21 Western Democracies, 1948–2020*.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 137 (1): 1–48. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjab036.
Gethin, Armory, Clara Martinez-Toledano, and Thomas Piketty. 2021. Political Cleavages and Social Inequalities a Study of Fifty Democracies, 1948–2020. Harvard Univeristy Press.
Grünenfelder, Patrick Dümmler, Peter. 2022. “7 bonnes raisons de privatiser l’énergie. Avenir Suisse.” October 18, 2022. https://www.avenir-suisse.ch/fr/7-bonnes-raisons-de-privatiser-lenergie/.
Hall, Peter A., and David Soskice. 2001. Varieties of Capitalism: The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage. Oxford University Press.
Hardmeier, Sibylle, Ulrich Klöti, Hanspeter Kriesi, Wolf Linder, Pascal Sciarini, and Adrian Vatter. 2022. “Befragung der Wählerinnen und Wähler nach den Wahlen - 1999.” FORS. https://doi.org/10.48573/9EX9-FP54.
Hauser, Heinz, Beat Schmid, Josef Ackermann, and David De Pury. 1996. Ayons Le Courage d’un Nouveau Départ : Un Programme Pour La Relance de La Politique Économique de La Suisse. Zurich: Orell Füssli.
Holzen, Madelein von. 1991. “L’europe? Un Coup de Fouet Nécessaire.” Le Journal de Genève, June. https://www.letempsarchives.ch/page/JDG_1991_06_20/12/article/8621126/%22david%20de%20pury%22.
Hooghe, Liesbet, and Gary Marks. 2018. “Cleavage Theory Meets Europe’s Crises: Lipset, Rokkan, and the Transnational Cleavage.” Journal of European Public Policy 25 (1): 109–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2017.1310279.
Inglehart, Ronald. 1971. “The Silent Revolution in Europe: Intergenerational Change in Post-Industrial Societies.” American Political Science Review 65 (4): 991–1017. https://doi.org/10.2307/1953494.
———. 1990. Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv346rbz.
———. 2009. “Changing Values Among Western Publics from 1970 to 2006.” In European Politics. Routledge.
Inglehart, Ronald, and Scott C. Flanagan. 1987. “Value Change in Industrial Societies.” American Political Science Review 81 (4): 1289–319. https://doi.org/10.2307/1962590.
Juilland, Dominique. 2012. “« La Suisse n’a pas d’armée, elle est une armée ! ».” Inflexions 20 (2): 183–95. https://doi.org/10.3917/infle.020.0183.
Jutzet, Nicolas. 2023. La Suisse n’existe Plus. Genève: Editions Slatkine.
Katzenstein, Peter J. 1985. Small States in World Markets: Industrial Policy in Europe. Ithaca; London: Cornell University Press.
Kergomard, Zoé. 2022. “Ni « rouge » ni « pauvre type » ? Le parti socialiste suisse à la recherche de son électorat (1947-1983).” Histoire Politique. Revue du Centre d’histoire de Sciences Po, no. 47 (June). https://doi.org/10.4000/histoirepolitique.7344.
Kitschelt, Herbert. 1994. The Transformation of European Social Democracy. Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics. Cambridge University Press. http://gen.lib.rus.ec/book/index.php?md5=672bb6ec977ceddc83c745ffc8db0022.
Kriesi, Hanspeter, Edgar Grande, Romain Lachat, Martin Dolezal, Simon Bornschier, and Timotheos Frey. 2006. “Globalization and the Transformation of the National Political Space: Six European Countries Compared.” European Journal of Political Research 45 (6): 921–56. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2006.00644.x.
Kriesi, Hanspeter, E. Grande, R. Lachat, M. Dolezal, Simon Bornschier, and T. Frey. 2008. West European Politics in the Age of Globalization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511790720.
Krill, Marie-Jeanne, and Pascal Brandt. 1992. “David de Pury: "La Suisse Doit Éviter de Devenir Un Cartel Au Milieu de l’europe".” Journal de Genève Et Gazette de Lausanne, August. https://www.letempsarchives.ch/page/JDG_1992_08_07/17/article/8788240/%22La%20Suisse%20doit%20%C3%A9viter%20de%20devenir%20un%20cartel%20au%20milieu%20de%20l'Europe%22.
Leutwiler, Fritz, David De Pury, Gerhard Schwarz, and Josef Ackermann. 1991. La Politique Économique de La Suisse Face à La Concurrence Internationale. Programme Pour Un Ordre Plus Libéral. Zürich: Orell Füssli.
Lijphart, Arend. 1979. “Religious Vs. Linguistic Vs. Class Voting: The "Crucial Experiment" of Comparing Belgium, Canada, South Africa, and Switzerland.” The American Political Science Review 73 (2): 442–58. https://doi.org/10.2307/1954890.
———. 2012. Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries. Second edition. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Lipset, Seymour Martin, and Stein Rokkan, eds. 1967. Party Systems and Voter Alignments: Cross-National Perspectives. New-York: The Free Press.
Mach, André. 2007. “La Redéfinition Du Block Bourgeois Au Cours Des Vingt Dernières Années.” In Zur Politischen Ökonomie Der Schweiz: Eine Annäherung ; Analysen Und Impulse Zur Politik ; Jahrbuch Denknetz 2007: Une Approche ; Analyses Et Impulsions Politiques ; Cahier Réseau de Réflexion 2007 = La Politique Économique de La Suisse, 1. Aufl. Jahrbuch / Denknetz 3.2997. Zürich.
Mach, André, and Pierre Eichenberger. 2011. “Organized Capital and Coordinated Market Economy: Swiss Business Interest Associations Between Socio-Economic Regulation and Political Influence.” In Switzerland in Europe. Routledge.
Mach, André, Silja Häusermann, and Yannis Papadopoulos. 2003. “Economic Regulatory Reforms in Switzerland: Adjustment Without European Integration, or How Rigidities Become Flexible.” Journal of European Public Policy 10 (2): 301–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350176032000059053.
Mach, André, Gerhard Schnyder, Thomas David, and Martin Lupold. 2007. “Transformations of Self-Regulation and New Public Regulations in the Field of Swiss Corporate Governance (1985-2002).” World Political Science 3 (2). https://doi.org/10.2202/1935-6226.1022.
Mattei, Aurélio. 1995. “La "Revitalisation" Des Économies Européenne Et Suisse.” Revue Économique Et Sociale : Bulletin de La Société d’Etudes Economiques Et Sociales 53 (2): 159–67. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5169/seals-140416.
May, Christian, Andreas Nölke, and Michael Schedelik. 2024. “Growth Models and Social Blocs: Taking Gramsci Seriously.” Competition & Change, February, 10245294241231992. https://doi.org/10.1177/10245294241231992.
Mazzoleni, Oscar, and Olivier Meuwly. 2013. Voisinages Et Conflits. Les Partis Politiques Suisses En Mouvement. Genève: Slatkine.
Mettral Dubois, Véronique. 2015. L’oeuvre Politique de James Fazy (1794-1878) Et Son Apport à l’avènement Des Droits Fondamentaux à Genève : Sources Doctrinales Et Contexte Historique. Collection Genevoise. Droit Et Histoire. Schulthess. https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:83364.
Meuwly, Olivier. 1992. Aux sources du radicalisme: les origines de la démocratie libérale. Éditions du sabre.
———. 2008. La Liberté Cacophonique: Essai Sur La Crise Des Droites Suisses. Genève: Éditions Slatkine.
———. 2010. Les partis politiques: acteurs de l’histoire suisse. Le savoir suisse. Lausanne: Presses polytechniques et universitaires romandes.
Milanović, Branko. 2016. Global Inequality: A New Approach for the Age of Globalization. First Harvard University Press paperback edition. Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
Müller, Felix. 2010. “Grutli (société). Dictionnaire Historique de la Suisse.” 2010. https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/articles/017397/2010-12-22/.
Nations, United. 2022. “Human Development Report 2021-22.” United Nations. https://hdr.undp.org/content/human-development-report-2021-22.
Nylund, Karen L., Tihomir Asparouhov, and Bengt O. Muthén. 2007. “Deciding on the Number of Classes in Latent Class Analysis and Growth Mixture Modeling: A Monte Carlo Simulation Study.” Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal 14 (4): 535–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705510701575396.
Obinger, Herbert. 1998. “Federalism, Direct Democracy, and Welfare State Development in Switzerland.” Journal of Public Policy 18 (3): 241–63. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0143814X98000129.
OECD. 1992. OECD Economic Surveys: Switzerland 1992. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation; Development. https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/economics/oecd-economic-surveys-switzerland-1992_eco_surveys-che-1992-en.
———. 2019. OECD Economic Surveys: Switzerland 2019. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation; Development. https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/economics/oecd-economic-surveys-switzerland-2019_7e6fd372-en.
———. 2022. OECD Economic Surveys: Switzerland 2022. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation; Development. https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/economics/oecd-economic-surveys-switzerland-2022_1fde6924-en.
Oesch, Daniel. 2006. Redrawing the Class Map. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230504592.
———. 2008a. “Explaining Workers’ Support for Right-Wing Populist Parties in Western Europe: Evidence from Austria, Belgium, France, Norway, and Switzerland.” International Political Science Review 29 (3): 349–73. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512107088390.
———. 2008b. “The Changing Shape of Class Voting.” European Societies 10 (3): 329–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616690701846946.
———. 2011. “Swiss Trade Unions and Industrial Relations After 1990 a History of Decline and Renewal.” In Switzerland in Europe. Routledge.
Oesch, Daniel, and Line Rennwald. 2010. “The Class Basis of Switzerland’s Cleavage Between the New Left and the Populist Right.” Swiss Political Science Review 16 (3): 343–71. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1662-6370.2010.tb00433.x.
———. 2018. “Electoral Competition in Europe’s New Tripolar Political Space: Class Voting for the Left, Centre-Right and Radical Right.” European Journal of Political Research 57 (4): 783–807. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12259.
Palombarini, Stefano. 2001. La Rupture Du Compromis Social Italien : Un Essai de Macroéconomie Politique. Paris: CNRS Editions.
Piguet, Etienne. 2013. L’immigration En Suisse: Soixante Ans d’entrouverture. Lausanne: Presses Polytechniques Romandes.
Piketty, Thomas. 2014. Capital in the Twenty-First Century. Cambridge Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
———. 2018. “Brahmin Left Vs Merchant Right: Rising Inequality and the Changing Structure of Political Conflict.” WID.world WORKING PAPER SERIES, no. 2018.
———. 2019. Capital Et Idéologie. Le Seuil.
Rennwald, Jean-Claude. 1998. Vive La Politique! Plaidoyer Pour l’action Socialiste, Syndicale Et Associative. Communication jurassienne et européenne (CJS).
Rennwald, Line. 2014. “Class (Non)voting in Switzerland 1971-2011: Ruptures and Continuities in a Changing Political Landscape.” Swiss Political Science Review 20 (4): 550–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/spsr.12124.
———. 2020. Social Democratic Parties and the Working Class: New Voting Patterns. 1st ed. Challenges to Democracy in the 21st Century. Springer International Publishing;Palgrave Macmillan. http://gen.lib.rus.ec/book/index.php?md5=DC2AFED8958B9AE0932FFEFEAB45546C.
Rennwald, Line, and Geoffrey Evans. 2014. “When Supply Creates Demand: Social Democratic Party Strategies and the Evolution of Class Voting.” West European Politics 37 (5): 1108–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2014.920981.
Ribeaud, José. 1998. Quand La Suisse Disparaîtra. Vevey: L’Aire.
Rossier, Thierry, Christoph Houman Ellersgaard, Anton Grau Larsen, and Jacob Aagaard Lunding. 2022. “From Integrated to Fragmented Elites. The Core of Swiss Elite Networks 1910–2015.” The British Journal of Sociology 73 (2): 315–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-4446.12929.
Schwok, René. 1993. “Causes Et Conséquences Du Refus de La Suisse d’adhérer à l’espace Économique Européen.” Relations Internationales, no. 73: 95–108. https://www.jstor.org/stable/45344498.
Sciarini, Pascal. 2023. Politique Suisse - Institutions, Acteurs, Processus. Lausanne: Presses polytechniques et universitaires romandes. https://www.epflpress.org/produit/1421/9782889155279/politique-suisse.
Skenderovic, Damir. 2017. “Union démocratique du centre (UDC). Dictionnaire Historique de la Suisse.” 2017. https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/articles/017389/2017-03-20/.
Summermatter, Stephanie. 2020. “Stämpfli, Jakob. Dictionnaire Historique de la Suisse.” 2020. https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/articles/004635/2020-04-15/.
Tawfik, Amal. 2019. “Les transformations du vote de classe en Suisse entre 1975 et 2011.” Sociologie 10 (3): 243–65. https://doi.org/10.3917/socio.103.0243.
Teney, Céline, Onawa Promise Lacewell, and Pieter De Wilde. 2014. “Winners and Losers of Globalization in Europe: Attitudes and Ideologies.” European Political Science Review 6 (4): 575–95. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755773913000246.
Trampusch, Christine, and André Mach. 2011. Switzerland in Europe: Continuity and Change in the Swiss Political Economy. Taylor & Francis.
Tresch, Anke, and Georg Lutz. 2022. “Swiss Election Study (Selects), Cumulative Dataset 1971-2019.” FORS. https://doi.org/10.48573/PCBM-2280.
Vatter, Adrian. 2008. “Swiss Consensus Democracy in Transition: A Re-Analysis of Lijphart’s Concept of Democracy for Switzerland from 1997 to 2007.” World Political Science 4 (2). https://doi.org/10.2202/1935-6226.1042.
Vermunt, Jeroen K. 2017. “Latent Class Modeling with Covariates: Two Improved Three-Step Approaches.” Political Analysis 18 (4): 450–69. https://doi.org/10.1093/pan/mpq025.
Vermunt, Jeroen K, and Jay Magidson. 2016. “Technical Guide for Latent GOLD 5.1: Basic, Advanced, and Syntax.” Statistical Innovations Inc.
Votation Populaire Du 28 Novembre 1993. Explications Du Conseil Fédéral. 1993. Chancellerie fédérale. https://swissvotes.ch/attachments/63342ae40faa4e6957c10e3ae7ac0f68f7627dfaae54a13a5b363b97d19765f5.
Walter, André. 2022. “The Social Origins of Christian Democracy: Rural–Urban Migration, Interest Group Preemption, and the Rise of the Catholic Workers’ Movement.” Socio-Economic Review 20 (2): 687–710. https://doi.org/10.1093/ser/mwaa014.
Widmer, Eric, and Ivan De Carlo. 2010. “Why Do the Swiss Trust Their Government Less and Other People More Than They Used To?” In Value Change in Switzerland, 171. Lexington Books. https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:14538.
Zeller, Willy, Thomas Häberlin, and Claudia Schoch. 1992. “Christophe Blocher Et David de Pury Confrontent Leurs Vues Sur l’europe.” Translated by Alexandre Fischer. Le Nouveau Quotidien, August. https://www.letempsarchives.ch/page/LNQ_1992_08_27/14/article/9690564/%22david%20de%20pury%22.
Zollinger, Delia. 2022. “Cleavage Identities in Voters’ Own Words: Harnessing Open-Ended Survey Responses.” American Journal of Political Science n/a: 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12743.